Repository series · ncbi-prjna1478113

Characterization of oral microbiome alterations in thalassemia patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing

This study investigates the composition of the oral microbiota in thalassemia patients and compares it with healthy individuals from Saudi Arabia. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by reduced or absent production of globin chains, resulting in hypochromic microcytic anemia and multiple complications, such as iron overload from by frequent blood transfusions. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 28 saliva samples were analyzed, revealing minor changes in the richness and diversity of the oral microbiota. Taxonomic analysis demonstrated significant differences between the two groups, with notable variations in the abundance of several bacterial species. All taxa showing differential abundance belonged to two phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota; including taxa such as Prevotella intermedia, Eubacterium sulci, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Thalassemia patients exhibited a reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Prevotella. The observed gender differences in oral microbiome diversity warrant further investigation for potential gender-specific interventions. Future research should focus on characterizing microbial shifts in greater depth and exploring probiotics or prebiotics to restore beneficial bacteria. Incorporating regular dental check ups and targeted oral hygiene strategies into thalassemia care may significantly improve treatment outcomes and overall patient health through better oral microbiome management.